Kumvetsetsa Kupanikizika, Kukana, ndi Ma Thermometer a Fiber Optic

Ntchito yodalirika ya Transformer Yomizidwa ndi Mafuta Zimadalira kwambiri kukhazikika kwa mafuta ake oteteza mkati ndi kutentha kozungulira. Kutentha kwambiri ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kukalamba mwachangu kwa insulation, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, komanso kulephera. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira kutentha ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kukonza transformer. Kuyambira pamakina ojambulira achikhalidwe mpaka makina anzeru a fiber optic amakono, mbiri ya chitukuko cha thermometer ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo wowunikira transformer kuyambira pakuwona pang'ono mpaka chenjezo logwira ntchito.

 

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma thermometer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma transformer oviikidwa mu mafuta ndikupereka kusanthula kwakuya kwa mfundo zogwirira ntchito zawo ndi zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

Chaputala 1: "Mtengo wa Banja" wa Ma Thermometer - Kuyang'ana Mwatsatanetsatane Mitundu Itatu Ikuluikulu

Kutengera mfundo zoyezera ndi malo oyika, ma thermometer a ma transformer oviikidwa mu mafuta amagawidwa m'magulu atatu otsatirawa. Pamodzi, amapanga netiweki yowunikira ya magawo atatu kuyambira kutentha kwapamwamba kwa mafuta mpaka malo otentha ozungulira.

 

1. Chiwotchochi cha Mtundu wa Kupanikizika (Chiwotchochi Chowerengera Patali)

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito: Ichi ndi chida chamakono chopangidwa ndi makina chozikidwa pa kukulitsa/kupindika kwa kutentha ndi kufalitsa mphamvu ya madzi/mpweya. Dongosololi lili ndi magawo atatu:

 

Babu la Kutentha (Sensor): Limayikidwa mu mafuta pamwamba pa thanki ya transformer, lodzazidwa ndi cholumikizira kutentha (monga madzi, gasi, kapena madzi otsika kutentha).

 

Chubu cha Capillary: Chubu chachitsulo chachitali, chopyapyala cholumikiza babu ndi mutu woyezera, chodzazidwa ndi cholumikizira mphamvu.

 

Mutu Woyezera (Chizindikiro): Woyikidwa pakhoma la thanki ya transformer kapena kabati yowongolera, mwina mamita angapo kuchokera ku babu. Pakati pake ndi chubu cha Bourdon - chubu chachitsulo chopindika komanso chotanuka. Babu likatentha, kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwamkati kumafalikira kudzera mu capillary kupita ku chubu cha Bourdon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti iwonongeke. Kusinthaku kumasuntha cholozera kudzera mu njira yolumikizirana, kuwonetsa kutentha.

 

Makhalidwe Ofunika:

 

Ndi makina okha, sikufuna mphamvu zakunja, chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku kusokonezedwa ndi maginito, komanso kudalirika kwambiri.

 

Mutu wa geji ukhoza kuyikidwa patali kuti uwerengedwe mosavuta m'deralo.

 

Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi zolumikizira 1-2 zosinthika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochenjeza kutentha kwambiri komanso poyendetsa galimoto.

 

Kulondola ndi liwiro la kuyankha ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu yamagetsi, ndipo chubu cha capillary chimatha kuwonongeka ndi makina.

 

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwachizolowezi: Chipangizo chachikulu chowunikira ndi kuchenjeza kutentha kwa mafuta, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma transformer onse odzazidwa ndi mafuta.

 

2. Chowunikira Kutentha Kotsutsana (RTD, mwachitsanzo, PT100)

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito: Kutengera ndi momwe kukana kwa kondakitala kumasintha ndi kutentha. Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri chozindikira ndi thermometer yokana ya platinamu, yokhala ndi PT100 yomwe imasonyeza kukana kwa 100 ohms pa 0°C. Kukana kwake kumasintha molondola komanso molunjika ndi kutentha.

 

Zigawo za Machitidwe:

 

Pulojekiti ya Platinum RTD: Yoyikidwa mu chitsime cha thermometer pamwamba pa transformer, yoviikidwa mu mafuta.

 

Kuyeza Mlatho ndi Chotumizira: Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa mu unit yowongolera yanzeru. Maseketi olondola amayesa kukana kwa PT100 ndikusinthira kukhala chizindikiro chamakono cha 4-20mA kapena chizindikiro cha digito.

 

Makhalidwe Ofunika:

 

Kulondola kwambiri muyeso, zizindikiro zimatha kufalikira pamtunda wautali, chitetezo chabwino cha phokoso.

 

Chotulutsa ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi chokhazikika, cholumikizidwa mosavuta ndi nsanja zodziyimira zokha monga SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) ndi DCS (Distributed Control Systems) kuti ziwunikire kutali.

 

Kawirikawiri imayikidwa pamodzi ndi thermometer yamtundu wa pressure, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera kapena yolondola kwambiri yowunikira kutali ndi kulemba kutentha kwa mafuta.

 

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwachizolowezi: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza magiya akutali komanso kuyang'anira kutentha kwa mafuta apamwamba pa digito, mwala wapangodya wa malo osinthira magetsi amakono odziyimira pawokha, osayang'aniridwa.

 

3. Dongosolo Loyezera Kutentha kwa Fiber Optic (Kuyezera Kwambiri Mwachindunji kwa "Hot-Spot")

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito: Iyi ndi ukadaulo wolunjika komanso wapamwamba kwambiri pakuwunika kutentha kozungulira. Imachokera ku fizikiki ya Fiber Bragg Gratings.

 

Sensor ya Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG): Kusintha kwa nthawi ndi nthawi mu refractive index (grating) kumalembedwa mu gawo la ulusi wapadera wa kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito laser. Kapangidwe kake kakufunika: Kuwala kwa kutalika kwa nthawi inayake (Bragg wavelength) kumawonetsedwa, ndipo kutalika kwa nthawi komwe kumawonetsedwa kumasintha molunjika ndi kusintha kwa kutentha (kapena kupsinjika) pamalo pomwe grating ili.

 

Njira Yoyezera: Chingwe chosinthika cha fiber optic chomwe chili ndi masensa angapo a FBG chimayikidwa mwachindunji pakati pa zigawo zotenthetsera za ma windings okwera kwambiri pamalo otentha kwambiri omwe amayembekezeredwa panthawi yopanga ma transformer. Dongosololi limatulutsa kuwala kwa broadband, ndipo pofufuza kutalika kwa mafunde komwe kumawonetsedwa kuchokera ku grating iliyonse, limatha kupeza kutentha koyenera molondola komanso nthawi yeniyeni pamalo osiyanasiyana mkati mwa ma winding.

 

Makhalidwe Ofunika:

 

Kuyeza mwachindunji kutentha kwa malo otentha, osati kuyerekezera mwachindunji. Deta ndi yolondola komanso yodalirika kwambiri.

 

Yotetezeka mkati: Ulusi wowala umapangidwa ndi silica, woteteza kutentha, wolimba mphamvu yamagetsi, komanso wosakhudzidwa ndi kusokonezedwa ndi maginito amagetsi, umagwira ntchito mokhazikika m'magawo amphamvu a EM.

 

Kuyeza kogawidwa: Ulusi umodzi ukhoza kukhala ndi malo ambiri ozindikira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale mapu athunthu a kutentha kwa kuzungulira.

 

Chothandizira chachikulu cha transformer "Dynamic Rating" ndi kuwunika kwa moyo wonse.

 

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwachizolowezi: Ma transformer akuluakulu, ofunikira (monga, EHV, ma transformer osinthira), malo osinthira anzeru omwe amafunikira kuyang'anira mphamvu ya katundu.

 

Chaputala 2: Kufotokozera Mfundo Yofunika - Kutentha kwa Mafuta Okwera Kwambiri vs. Kutentha Kozungulira

Ili ndi lingaliro lofunika kwambiri komanso poyambira posankha mitundu ya thermometer.

 

Kutentha kwa Mafuta Okwera: Kumayesa kutentha kwa mafuta pamwamba pa thanki. Kumawonetsa kutentha konse kwa transformer koma kumakhala ndi kuchedwa kwa kutentha. Pamene katundu akusintha, kutentha kozungulira kumasintha mofulumira, kutsatiridwa ndi kutentha kwa mafuta. Ma thermometer a mtundu wa kupanikizika ndi RTD amayesa izi.

 

Kutentha kwa Malo Otentha: Kumatanthauza malo otentha kwambiri mu transformer yonse, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pamwamba pa kugwedezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi otsika. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lodziwira kuchuluka kwa kukalamba kwa insulation ndi mphamvu ya katundu. Njira zachikhalidwe sizingathe kuyeza mwachindunji, m'malo mwake kudalira Chizindikiro cha Kutentha kwa Winding (WTI) chomwe chimayesa/kuyerekeza pogwiritsa ntchito "kutentha kwa mafuta apamwamba + kukonza kwamagetsi." Kuyeza kwa fiber optic ndiye ukadaulo wokhawo womwe ungayeze mwachindunji komanso molondola.