Kusunga Chitonthozo: Momwe Makina Oziziritsira a Transformer Amawonjezerera Moyo wa Chuma

Chiyambi

Moyo wa transformer umadalira kwambiri kutentha kwake. Pa kutentha kulikonse kwa madigiri 6 mpaka 8 Celsius kuposa kutentha kovomerezeka, moyo wa insulation umachepetsedwa pakati. Ubale wofunikira uwu umapangitsa kuti makina ozizira asakhale zinthu zothandizira zokha, komanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wautali wa katundu ndi kudalirika kwake.

Kuziziritsa kwa transformer kwasintha kuchoka pa mapangidwe osavuta osagwira ntchito kupita ku machitidwe apamwamba okakamiza omwe amatha kutulutsa ma megawatts a kutentha. Kumvetsetsa ukadaulo uwu kumathandiza akatswiri ogula zinthu kusankha zida zoyenera ndikuwunika momwe zimagwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Gawo Loyamba: Zoyambira—Momwe Kutentha Kumachokera mu Transformer

Kutentha mu transformer kumachokera ku magwero awiri: kutayika kwa katundu popanda (core magnetization) ndi kutayika kwa katundu (kukana kuzungulira). Kutentha kumeneku kuyenera kusamutsidwa kudzera m'magawo angapo kusanafike mpweya wozungulira.

Mu Transformer Yomizidwa ndi Mafutas, njira yake ndi iyi: zozungulira zotentha ndi pakati → mafuta ozungulira → khoma la thanki kapena pamwamba pa radiator → mpweya wozungulira. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa gawo lililonse kumatsimikizira kutentha komaliza kwa transformer.

Njira zoziziritsira zimasankhidwa ndi ma code ovomerezeka. Zilembo zoyambirira zimasonyeza malo ozizira mkati ndi kuzungulira kwa mpweya (O ya mafuta), pomwe zilembo zachiwiri zimafotokoza malo ozizira akunja ndi njira (N yachilengedwe, F ya kukakamizidwa). Mwachitsanzo, ONAN amatanthauza Mafuta Achilengedwe Mpweya Wachilengedwe—kapangidwe kosavuta.

Gawo Lachiwiri: Kuziziritsa Kwachilengedwe—ONAN

Kuziziritsa kwa ONAN kumadalira kwambiri njira zachilengedwe: mafuta ofunda amakwera, mafuta ozizira amatsikira, ndipo mpweya umadutsa mwachibadwa m'ma radiator. Palibe mapampu, mafani, komanso palibe ziwalo zoyenda.

Kusavuta kumeneku kumapereka ubwino wapadera: kugwira ntchito chete, kusakonza bwino, komanso kudalirika kwambiri. ONAN nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma transformer okwana 30 MVA m'malo ozizira. M'malo ozizira, imatha kugwira ntchito zambiri bwino.

Choletsa chake ndi mphamvu yotaya kutentha. Popanda kuyenda mokakamizidwa, kuzizira kumadalira kwathunthu kusiyana kwa kutentha ndi malo pamwamba. Kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri, njira zina zimakhala zofunikira.

Gawo Lachitatu: Kuwonjezera Mafani—ONAF

ONAF (Oil Natural Air Forced) imawonjezera mafani ku ma radiator, zomwe zimawonjezera kutentha kwambiri. Mpweya umakankhidwira kapena kukokedwa pamalo ozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzisungunuka ndi 150 mpaka 200 peresenti poyerekeza ndi convection yachilengedwe.

Izi zimathandiza kuti transformer yomweyi igwire ntchito yonyamula katundu wambiri—nthawi zambiri imawonjezera mphamvu ndi 20 mpaka 40 peresenti. ONAF imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa transformers zomwe zili mu 30 mpaka 100 MVA, komwe imapereka ndalama zabwino kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Mafani amatha kukonzedwa kutengera kutentha kapena katundu, ndipo amagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumapangitsa ONAF kukhala yotchuka pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna nyengo zosiyanasiyana.

Gawo Lachinayi: Kuyenda kwa Mafuta Mokakamizidwa—OFAF ndi ODAF

Kwa ma transformer akuluakulu, kuyenda kwa mafuta achilengedwe sikokwanira. OFAF (Oil Forced Air Forced) imayambitsa mapampu omwe amayendetsa mafuta mwachangu kudzera mu makina ozizira. Izi zimathandizira kusamutsa kutentha kuchokera ku ma windings kupita ku ma radiator, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zikhale zambiri.

ODAF (Oil Directed Air Forced) imapititsa patsogolo izi poyendetsa mafuta kudzera munjira zinazake zozungulira, kuonetsetsa kuti ngakhale malo otentha kwambiri amalandira kuziziritsidwa kokwanira. Machitidwe awa ndi ofanana ndi ma transformer opitilira 100 MVA komanso malo ovuta monga nyengo yotentha kapena ntchito zamafakitale zambiri.

Kusinthana kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri: mapampu ndi mafani amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, amapanga phokoso, ndipo amafunika kukonzedwa nthawi zonse. Ma transformer a OFAF nawonso amawononga ndalama zambiri poyamba. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, palibe njira ina yothandiza.

Gawo Lachisanu: Njira Zapadera Zoziziritsira

Kuziziritsa Madzi.Ma transformer ena akuluakulu kwambiri kapena ma hydroelectric step-up units amagwiritsa ntchito makina a OFWF (Oil Forced Water Forced). Mphamvu yotenthetsera yamadzi imalola kuti madzi aziziziritsa pang'ono, koma chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi chimafuna kutseka bwino komanso kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa madzi.

Transformer Youmas.Pakuyika mkati, ma transformer amtundu wouma amadalira kuyenda kwa mpweya kudzera mu ma windings okhala ndi epoxy. Mapangidwe ake amayambira pa AN (Air Natural) mpaka AF (Air Forced) okhala ndi mafani. Ngakhale kuti amachotsa chiopsezo cha moto wamafuta, kuzizira kwa mtundu wouma sikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kumiza madzi.

Ukadaulo Watsopano.Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akufufuza kuzizira kwa nthunzi, komwe zinthu zosintha gawo zimayamwa kutentha kudzera mu nthunzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusamutsidwe bwino kwambiri. Mapaipi otentha osintha gawo akuphunziridwanso za ma transformer ouma, zomwe zingachepetse kutentha ndikuwongolera kufanana.

Gawo Lachisanu ndi chimodzi: Kukonza Mapangidwe ndi Zochitika Zamtsogolo

Kapangidwe kamakono koziziritsira kamadalira kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi (CFD) kuti akonze bwino malo olumikizira ma radiator, malo olumikizirana zipsepse, ndi njira zoyendera mpweya. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono pakugwira ntchito bwino kumatanthauza kuti pakhala kusungidwa mphamvu zambiri pazaka zambiri zogwirira ntchito.

Ofufuza akufufuzanso machitidwe osakanikirana omwe amagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera mikhalidwe—ONAN panthawi yocheperako, ONAF panthawi yokwera kwambiri—kulinganiza bwino ntchito ndi mphamvu yozizira.

Kwa akatswiri ogula zinthu, kumvetsetsa njira izi kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale bwino. Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira ndi monga kutentha kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa katundu, zoletsa phokoso, ndi kuthekera kokonza. Njira yoziziritsira yoyenera sikuti imangoteteza transformer—imawonjezera phindu la ndalama zomwe idayika pa moyo wake wonse.

Mapeto

Makina oziziritsira a transformer asintha kuchoka pa ma radiator osavuta kupita ku kuphatikiza kwapamwamba kwa mapampu, mafani, ndi zowongolera. Kusankha pakati pa ONAN, ONAF, OFAF, kapena mapangidwe apadera kumadalira mphamvu, malo, ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito.

Chomwe chimakhalabe chokhazikika ndi mfundo yofunikira: kuziziritsa bwino kumawonjezera moyo wa transformer. Digiri iliyonse ndi yofunika, ndipo njira yoziziritsira ndiyo chida chachikulu choyang'anira madigiri amenewo. Kwa iwo omwe amaika ndalama mu transformer, kumvetsetsa kuziziritsa sikofunikira—ndikofunikira.