Zida zosinthira

Kodi Switchgear ndi chiyani?

Ma circuit amagetsi amasamalira mphamvu yonyamula katundu yomwe idakonzedweratu mwadongosolo. Ayenera kuyendetsedwa kuti apewe kutenthetsa mawaya ndi kudzaza makinawo. Dongosolo lodzaza ndi zinthu zambiri ndi ngozi yachitetezo yomwe ingawononge zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso kuyambitsa moto wamagetsi. Switchgear ilipo kuti ilamulire zinthu zamagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka.

Zida zosinthira magetsi zimaphatikizapo zosinthira zamagetsi, zodulira magetsi, ma fuse, ndi zoletsa mphezi zomwe zimapangitsa kapena kusokoneza mafunde amagetsi. Pamene magetsi ayamba kukwera, chosinthira magetsi chimasokoneza kayendedwe ka magetsi ndikuteteza makina amagetsi kuti asawonongeke ndi mphamvu zambiri.

N’chifukwa chiyani switchgear ikufunika?

Ma switchgear apangidwa kuti ateteze zida zolumikizidwa ndi magetsi ku chiopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi. Zipangizo zosinthira zamagetsi zimateteza makina, zida zamagetsi, ma mota, ndi machitidwe ena omwe ali ndi ma circuits amagetsi mwa kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwa magetsi.

Switchgear imatetezanso akatswiri okonza ndi kukonza kuti asavulale mwa kuwalekanitsa ndi ma circuits amphamvu. Akatswiri amagetsi ndi makampani amagetsi amadalira switchgear kuti achepetse mphamvu ya zida kuti ayesere ma circuits mosamala, agwire ntchito zokonza, komanso achotse zolakwika zomwe zili pansi pa madzi.

Kodi switchgear imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Zipangizo zosinthira magetsi zimaletsa kuwonongeka ndi kusokonekera kwa ntchito polamulira kayendedwe ka magetsi mkati mwa makina amagetsi. Zingathe kulekanitsa ma circuit omwe akhudzidwa pomwe nthawi yomweyo zimapereka mphamvu kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kupita ku katundu. Pamene magetsi ayamba kugwedezeka kapena vuto limayambitsa chosokoneza magetsi mkati mwa chosinthira magetsi, zinthu zothandizira zimasokoneza ndikutulutsa mphamvu mu circuit yodzaza ndi magetsi pamene zikugwira ntchito ku ma circuit omwe akugwira ntchito.

Ma Switchboards vs. Zida Zosinthira
Ma switchboard ndi switchgear amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za hardware, voltage, ntchito, ndi miyezo yachitetezo. Ma switchboard ndi zida zotsika mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabizinesi ndi mafakitale kutumiza, kusintha njira, ndikugawa mphamvu ku ma transformer osiyanasiyana, machitidwe owongolera, mapanelo a ma circuit, ndi katundu. Switchgear imayang'anira kuyenda kwa magetsi kuti ipewe kukwera kwa mphamvu zoopsa.

Mitundu ya switchgear
Ku North America, mitundu itatu ya zida zosinthira zamagetsi imagawidwa malinga ndi miyezo ya ANSI/IEEE ndi NEC 2014 ya machitidwe amagetsi omwe amapereka mafunde osinthika.

1. Zipangizo zamagetsi zosinthira zamagetsi zotsika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina omwe amagwira ntchito pa liwiro losakwana 1 kilovolt (kV).

2. Zipangizo zamagetsi zosinthira magetsi zapakati zimagwira ntchito pa ma voltage kuyambira 1 kV mpaka 75 kV

3. Zipangizo zamagetsi zosinthira magetsi amphamvu zimagwira ntchito pa ma voltage kuyambira 75 kV mpaka pafupifupi 230 kV.

Zipangizo zosinthira magetsi ziyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda choyenera cha NEMA zikagwiritsidwa ntchito panja kuti zitetezedwe ku zinthu zosasangalatsa komanso nyengo.

● Chosinthira chamagetsi otsika
Chosinthira magetsi chotsika chimakhala ndi ma switch, ma circuit breaker otsika mphamvu, ma earth leakage circuit breaker, ma miniature circuit breaker (MCBs), ma molded case circuit breaker (MCCBs), ma high-interrupting capacity (HRC) fuses, ndi ma offload electrical isolators.

Zipangizozi zitha kukonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mkati kapena panja ndipo zitha kuyesedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma volts 208, ma volts 240, ma volts 480, ndi ma volts 600 mpaka ma volts 1000. Mafakitale, ma masipala, ndi mabizinesi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito switchgear yotsika mphamvu kuti azitha kuyendetsa magetsi ku HVAC, magetsi, ndi makina ena omanga nyumba.

● Chosinthira chapakati-voltage
Chosinthira magetsi chapakati chimagwiritsa ntchito zotetezera kutentha zamafuta, gasi, kapena vacuum ndi zotsekera magetsi kuti zisokoneze kayendedwe ka magetsi ngati mphamvu ya magetsi yakwera kapena vuto la dongosolo. Zotetezera kutentha zimateteza ndikuziziritsa zida zomwe zili mkati mwa zida zamagetsi zosinthira magetsi, pomwe chotsekera magetsi chimakoka zolumikizira za magetsi kuti zichotse mpweya.

Makina amkati ndi akunja nthawi zambiri amayesedwa pa 5 kV, 12 kV, 15 kV, ndi 35 kV mpaka 75 kV kuti awonetse mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe angathe kutumikira. Zipangizo zamagetsi izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira magetsi ndi m'malo osinthira magetsi. Zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwongolera ma mota, ma feeder circuits, ndi ma jenereta m'malo opangira mafakitale ndi amalonda.

● Chosinthira champhamvu kwambiri
Chosinthira magetsi champhamvu chimalamulira makina amphamvu omwe amagwira ntchito pa mphamvu zosachepera 75 kV. Zipangizo zamagetsi izi zimagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira, ma switch a earthing, ma switch a high-current, ma fuse, ndi ma circuit breakers kuti azilamulira, kuwongolera, kusokoneza, kulekanitsa, ndi kutulutsa mphamvu.

Popeza vuto lililonse lamagetsi lingapangitse arc yamphamvu kwambiri, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ziyenera kugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso modalirika. Zipangizo zosinthira izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu lamagetsi ndipo zimafunika kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zida nthawi zonse. Zimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'makina akuluakulu otumizira ndi kugawa magetsi komanso m'malo amalonda kapena mafakitale.

Mitundu Yotetezera Ma Switchgear
Ndi ma voltage osiyanasiyana, switchgear ingagwiritsenso ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulation kuti iteteze zipangizo zamagetsi ku mavuto amagetsi. Ma switchgear enclosures amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi ya insulation.

● Zipangizo zamagetsi zosinthira mpweya
Chosinthira magetsi chotenthetsera mpweya (GIS) chimagwiritsa ntchito ma circuit breakers omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa sulfure hexafluoride (SF6) wopanikizika kuti ateteze ma conductors ndi ma contacts ndikuzimitsa mphamvu ya arc yomwe imapangidwa ndi vuto lamagetsi. Carbon dioxide (CO2) ndi njira ina yabwino yosinthira SF6. Kusintha SF6 ndi CO2 kungachepetse mpweya woipa wowononga mpweya ndi matani 10 pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wa chipangizocho.

● Zipangizo zamagetsi zosinthira mpweya
Chosinthira magetsi chopangidwa ndi mpweya (AIS) chimagwiritsa ntchito ma circuit breaker omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika kapena mphamvu ya maginito kuti atalikitse arc kuti idzipume yokha.

● Zipangizo zamagetsi zosinthira magetsi zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi mafuta
Chosinthira mafuta chotenthetsera chimatenthetsa mafuta amchere omwe ali m'njira ya arc yomwe imapangidwa pamene zolumikizira zamagetsi zimapatukana ndikuzungulira ndi thovu la mpweya wa haidrojeni lomwe limachotsa mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuletsa arc kuti isabwererenso.

● Zipangizo zosinthira magetsi zotetezedwa ndi vacuum
Chosinthira magetsi chopangidwa ndi vacuum chimachotsa mamolekyu omwe angasinthidwe ndi magetsi. Arc iliyonse imatambasulidwa ndikuchotsedwa ngakhale magetsi atakwera.

Kukhazikitsa Zida Zosinthira
Ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi zilolezo zoyenera ayenera kukhazikitsa zida zonse zosinthira magetsi motsatira malamulo ofunikira achitetezo, malangizo a nyumba, ndi malangizo a wopanga. Kukhazikitsa koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti ntchitoyo ndi yodalirika kwambiri.