Kutulutsa Kwapang'ono mu Transformers Zomizidwa ndi Mafuta: Chilengedwe ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuchuluka kwa PD

01 Chiyambi

Kutulutsa pang'ono (PD) m'mafuta oviikidwa Zosinthira Mphamvu ikadali vuto lodziwika padziko lonse lapansi mumakampani opanga ma transformer. Opanga ambiri atayika kwambiri chifukwa cha kulephera kokhudzana ndi PD.

Kuchuluka kwa PD kungachitike panthawi yoyesa mafakitale, kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu ena, kapena pamalo ochezera makasitomala. Kupeza magwero a PD nthawi zambiri kumakhala ngati "kupeza singano mu udzu," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo igwirenso ntchito kwa masiku kapena miyezi ingapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti opanga kapena ogwiritsa ntchito awonongeke kwambiri.

Choncho, kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira mwachangu zomwe zimayambitsa PD yambiri ndikofunikira kwambiri.

02 Tanthauzo ndi Chilengedwe

Ngakhale palibe tanthauzo lovomerezeka, wolembayo akufotokoza PD motere:
[Kutuluka kwa madzi kumachitika pamalo omwe ali mkati mwa transformer komwe sikunachititse kuti kutentha kwa dzuwa kuwonongeke kapena kuphulika nthawi yomweyo.]

Zochitika za PD zimasiyana kwambiri koma zimagawana mfundo imodzi yofanana:
[Zolakwika za kapangidwe kake, zinthu, kapena zopangira mu insulation system zimapangitsa kuti magetsi asokonezeke kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya dielectric panthawiyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ionization isawonongeke mobwerezabwereza, yaying'ono, komanso yosalowa.]

Mwachidule, mtundu wa PD uli mu kuchuluka kwa magetsi komwe kumapitilira mphamvu ya magetsi oyambira a PD.

03 Zifukwa Zazikulu

Kutengera njira za PD, chinthu chilichonse chomwe chimayambitsa magetsi ambiri m'malo amodzi chingayambitse kupitirira kwa PD.

3.1 Malo a PD
PD ikhoza kuyambira:

Zitsamba

 

Zosinthira matepi za OLTC/DETC

 

Ma lead

 

Ma windings

 

Zigawo zomangira pansi

 

Malo otetezera kutentha/zolakwika zamkati

 

Mafuta a transformer

Mawebusayiti omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu:Mpweya umasowa mu insulation yolimba kapena thovu la mpweya mu mafuta.
Chifukwa:Pakupsinjika kwa magetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yofanana ndi ya dielectric constant (ε).

Kuteteza pepala ku ε ≈ 4.4

 

Mpweya wopanda kanthu ε ≈ 2.0
→ Mpweya wopanda kanthu umapeza mphamvu yochulukirapo kuposa ≈2.2 ×.
Ndi mphamvu yochepa yosweka (AC ≈2kV/mm), mabowo/mabowo amakhala malo ofooka oyambitsa PD.

3.2 Mitundu ya PD
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya PD mu Transformer Yomizidwa ndi Mafutas:

Kutulutsa thovu la mpweya

 

Kutuluka kwa madzi chifukwa cha chinyezi(kuteteza chinyezi)

 

Kutulutsa kwa elekitirodi yakuthwa(ma electrode amphamvu/otsika)

 

Kutuluka kwa madzi komwe kungayende

 

Kutulutsa mafuta owoneka ngati wedge

 

Kutuluka kwa tinthu tachitsulo/zodetsa

 

Zofooka zomatira(guluu wochuluka/wosalimba bwino m'mapepala olumikizira/mphete zomangira)

Chidziwitso Chofunika:

Kuchuluka kwa PD sikumakhala kogwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake (≈0.5% mwayi).
95%+ imachokera ku zolakwika za zinthu, njira, kapena kupanga.

Chifukwa:Pamene ma overvoltage (LI, LIC, SI, LTAC) asinthidwa kukhala ma voltage ofanana ndi a mphindi imodzi (1-min) omwe amalimbana ndi ma voltage (Kusintha kwa DIL), zonse zimaposa mphamvu ya PD test voltage (IVPD). Kuteteza kwa main/longitudinal kwapangidwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito pa mphamvu ya overvoltage yapamwamba kwambiri.

Ayi.	Mtundu wa PD	Malo	Njira	Milandu Yofala
1	Kutulutsa kwa Electrode Yowala Kwambiri	Zigawo zomangirira, thanki, bushing yokwera, malo opumira a lead	Utali wozungulira wocheperako → kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zambiri → kuchuluka kwa malo ozungulira kwambiri	Maboluti osatetezedwa pafupi ndi ma electrode a HV; m'mbali zakuthwa pa chitetezo cha maginito
2	Mpweya Wopanda Mphamvu/Kutulutsa Mpweya	Ma thovu mu mafuta / malo opanda kanthu mu insulation yolimba	Chokhazikika cha dielectric chochepa (ε≈1) → kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa malo + mphamvu yochepa yowonongeka (2kV/mm)	Chotsukira mpweya chosakwanira; kudzaza mafuta mwachangu; guluu wambiri/wosakwanira m'magawo omalizira/magawo ofanana
3	Kutuluka kwa Madzi Ochokera ku Chinyezi	Ma windings, kutchinjiriza pakati, ma lead	Chinyezi chimachepetsa mphamvu ya dielectric ndi 60-70%	Kuuma pang'ono kwa mkati mwa nyumba; mpweya wochuluka umakhalapo nthawi yosonkhanitsa
4	Kutuluka kwa Madzi Komwe Kungathe Kuyandama	Bolodi yosindikizira, zothandizira za lead, maginito shunts	Kuchulukana kwa mphamvu → kugunda kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi	Chitetezo cha maginito chosazungulira; mphete zamagetsi zosalumikizana bwino
5	Kutulutsa Zodetsa	Madzi/ulusi/tinthu tachitsulo mu mafuta	Kupotoza munda + madzi amawonjezera kupsinjika kwa munda ndi 2.9 ×	Kusasefa mafuta mokwanira; pakati pa mafuta oipitsidwa; kulowa kwa chinyezi

04 Chiyembekezo

Kumvetsetsa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya PD, njira, malo, ndi maphunziro a milandu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuthana ndi mavuto.

Kuphatikiza ndi mfundo zolumikizirana ndi transformer, kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe a mafunde a PD, malo a polarity, ndi mayeso ozindikira, chidziwitsochi chimalola kuzindikira mwachangu zomwe zimayambitsa komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa khalidwe.