Ndondomeko Zamakampani a Ma Transformers Amphamvu Padziko Lonse kuyambira mu 2025

Kutengera ndi chidziwitso cha anthu onse kuyambira Januwale mpaka Julayi 2025,mfundo zamakampani opanga ma transformer amphamvu kwambiri​ kuyang'ana padziko lonse lapansi pakukweza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu, kuthandizira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, malamulo amsika, ndi kulumikizana kwa gridi yachigawo. Pansipa pali chidule cha ndondomeko zazikulu za dziko/chigawo:

I. European Union (EU): Kulimbitsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera ndi Zofunikira Zachilengedwe pa Kusintha kwa Zomera​
EU ikadali mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi pakukhazikitsa miyezo yokhwima yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu laMa Transformers a Voltage, ndi mfundo za 2025 zomwe zikuika patsogolo kusintha kwa mpweya wochepa kudzera mu njira zoyendetsera bwino komanso zachuma:

1. Miyezo Yowonjezera Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera:Motsatira malangizo a Ecodesign (ErP Directive, 2009/125/EC), kuyambira pakati mpaka pakulu Zosinthira Mphamvu (kuphatikizapo mitundu yamagetsi amphamvu) ikukumana ndi malire okhwima pa kutayika kwa katundu ndi kutayika kwa katundu, ndi kutsika kwapakati pa 15% poyerekeza ndi malire am'mbuyomu. Mlingo wogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi wa ma transformer udzakwezedwa kuchokera ku Class E kupita ku Class D pofika chaka cha 2025, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zotsika mtengo (monga amorphous alloys, nanocrystalline cores) ndi ukadaulo wosintha mphamvu mwanzeru.

2. Malamulo a Zachuma Chozungulira: Kuyambira mu 2025, EU idzaika malamulo pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobwezeretsanso mphamvu za transformer (monga zinthu zapakati ndi zozungulira) ndikuwongolera kwambiri zinyalala zamagetsi (kuphatikizapo ma transformer). Opanga adzakhala ndi udindo wobwezeretsanso mphamvu.

3. Chitsimikizo Cholimbikitsidwa cha CE: Ma transformer amphamvu kwambiri omwe amatumizidwa ku EU ayenera kutsatira Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC, 2014/30/EU) ndi Machinery Directive (MD, 2006/42/EC) (ngati ali ndi mafani ozizira). Njira zotsimikizira zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri mu 2025, zomwe zidzafuna mayeso a EMC ndi mabungwe odziwitsidwa ndi EU komanso kuwunika kwathunthu kwa chitetezo.

II. Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia: Kukula kwa Kufunikira Kosalunjika Komwe Kumayendetsedwa ndi Ndondomeko za Mphamvu ya Dzuwa​
Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, dera lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa makampani opanga magetsi a photovoltaic (PV), likukulitsa kufunikira kwa ma transformer amphamvu kwambiri kudzera mu Thandizo la PV ndi kusintha kwa gridi:

​1. Indonesia: Akukonzekera kupititsa patsogolo mapulojekiti a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa a 100 GW (kuphatikizapo 75 GW ya PV) m'zaka 15 zikubwerazi. Mu 2025, idzayang'ana kwambiri pa malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi a PV, zomwe zikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa ma transformer amphamvu kwambiri (monga 220 kV ndi kupitirira apo).
2. Thailand: Dongosolo Lokonzanso Mphamvu la 2024 likufuna kuwonjezera mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kufika pa 51% ya mphamvu zonse pofika chaka cha 2037. Palibe msonkho pa zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'dziko la PV komanso "pulogalamu yochepetsera msonkho wa PV pamwamba pa denga" (yomwe ikukhudza mabanja 90,000 mu 2025) idzakulitsa kufunikira kwa transformer yokhudzana ndi PV.
3. Vietnam: Tinasintha mfundo zake za PV padenga mu 2024 kuti tichotse malire a mphamvu ndikuwongolera njira zogwiritsira ntchito. Pofika chaka cha 2025, cholinga chake ndi kukhala ndi mabanja ndi maofesi 50% omwe akugwiritsa ntchito PV padenga, zomwe zikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa ma transformer amagetsi otsika mpaka apakati (monga kalasi ya 10 kV).
​4. Malaysia: Inayambitsa magetsi ake achisanu akuluakulu a PV (2 GW) mu 2024 ndipo inachepetsa malamulo a mapulojekiti odzigwiritsira ntchito okha. Mu 2025, mphamvu yoyika ma PV ikuyembekezeka kukhalabe yokhazikika kapena kukula pang'ono, zomwe zikuthandizira kufunikira kwa transformer.

III. India: Kupitiriza Kulemba Malembo Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera ndi Kuyang'anira Msika Molimba​
Malamulo a transformer amphamvu kwambiri ku India akuyang'ana kwambiri miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenerandi malamulo achitetezo, ndi mfundo za 2025 zomwe zikulimbikitsa kutsatiridwa kwa malamulo:

1. Zolemba Zoyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera: Malinga ndi Electricity Act, zinthu zosinthira magetsi ziyenera kuwonetsa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito bwino (zogwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga IEC 60076-1). Kampani yamagetsi ya boma NPCIL imaika patsogolo zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pogula.
2. Zoletsa Zachilengedwe: Malamulo a 2018 okhudza Kusamalira Zinyalala za E-Waste amafuna opanga kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera (monga lead, mercury) ndikukonzanso kubwezeretsanso zinyalala za e-waste. Kuyang'anira kudzawonjezeka mu 2025.
​3. Mpikisano wa Msika: Makampani amkati (monga BHEL, L&T) akuchepetsa kusiyana ndi makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi (monga ABB, Siemens) kudzera muukadaulo watsopano. Kuchuluka kwa makampani pakati pa makampani asanu apamwamba kukuchepa pang'ono (kuchokera pa 70% mpaka 65% mu 2025), pomwe makampani atsopano (omwe amasamala kwambiri za ma transformer osawononga mphamvu) akufulumizitsa kulowa pamsika.

IV. China: Kuyang'ana Kwambiri pa Kuphatikiza Mphamvu Zobwezerezedwanso ndi Ma Gridi Anzeru kuti Alimbikitse Kukweza Mafakitale​
Monga kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga ma transformer, mfundo za China za 2025 zimayang'ana kwambiriThandizo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, kapangidwe ka gridi yanzeru, ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito:

​1. Kuphatikiza Mphamvu Zobwezerezedwanso: Bungwe la National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) ndi National Energy Administration (NEA) akhazikitsa mfundo zothandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ma transformer a mapulojekiti a mphepo ndi ma PV ogawidwa m'madera ena. Mu 2025, msika wa transformer ya mphepo ukuyembekezeka kufika pa 15 biliyoni ya yuan, ndipo kufunikira kwa transformer yogawidwa yokhudzana ndi PV kukukula ndi 35%.
2. Kupanga kwa Smart Grid: Boma la State Grid likukonzekera kuyika ndalama zokwana 80 biliyoni yuan mu 2025 kuti zithandizire kukonza zida zotumizira ndi kugawa magetsi, ndipo ma transformer ndi omwe amagula zinthu zoposa 40%. Madera ofunikira ndi monga magetsi amphamvu kwambiri (±800 kV ndi kupitirira apo) ndi ma transformer anzeru (gawo la msika likukwera kuchokera pa 20% mpaka 25%).
3. Miyezo Yowonjezera Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera: Ma Values ​​Osachepera Ovomerezeka a Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Ma Giredi Ogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu a Ma Transformers a Mphamvu (GB 20052-2025) adzachotsa zinthu zotsika mtengo zomwe zili pansi pa kalasi ya S13. Ma transformers ogwira ntchito bwino (Giredi 1) adzayenera kulandira 70% ya msonkho wowonjezera, zomwe zingathandize kuti kusintha kwa mafakitale kukhale kogwira ntchito bwino.

V. North America: Smart Transformers ndi Regional Grid Interconnection​
North America (US, Canada, Mexico) ikuyang'ana kwambiri ma transformer anzeru ndikuphatikiza gridi yachigawomu 2025:

1. Kutsatsa kwa Smart Transformer: Ndondomeko za boma la US zokhudzana ndi mphamvu zoyera zimathandiza kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ma transformer anzeru, ndipo kukula kwa msika kukuyembekezeka kupitirira 20 biliyoni USD mu 2025 (chiŵerengero cha kukula pachaka chopitirira 10%). Mapulogalamuwa akuphatikizapo ma gridi anzeru ndi machitidwe amagetsi ogawidwa.
2. Kulumikizana kwa Gridi Yachigawo: Canada ndi Mexico, pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wa US-Mexico-Canada (USMCA), akulimbitsa kulumikizana kwa gridi ndi US Mu 2025, misika ya transformer ku Canada ndi Mexico ikuyembekezeka kufika pa 10 biliyoni USD ndi 5 biliyoni USD motsatana, makamaka kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa transformer yapamwamba kuchokera ku US

Chidule
Mu 2025, mfundo zamakampani opanga ma transformer amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi zimayendetsedwa ndi mfundo zazikulu za "kusintha kobiriwira + kukweza ukadaulo"​:

EU ikulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mpweya wochepa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirira ntchito bwino komanso zofunikira pa chilengedwe;
Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia mwachisawawa kumawonjezera kufunikira kwa transformer kudzera mu mfundo za mphamvu ya dzuwa;
India imalimbitsa kuyang'anira msika ndi kulemba bwino;
China ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa kuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi ma gridi anzeru;
North America ikupititsa patsogolo ma transformer anzeru komanso kuphatikiza madera osiyanasiyana.
Ndondomekozi pamodzi zimayendetsa makampani opanga ma transformer amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kupita ku kuchita bwino kwambiri, nzeru, komanso kukhazikika.

(Dziwani: Zomwe zili pamwambapa zikuchokera pa deta ya anthu onse kuyambira Januwale mpaka Julayi 2025. Kuti mudziwe mfundo zinazake, chonde onani mabuku ovomerezeka a boma.)