Kudziwa Kuchuluka Kwambiri kwa Kulemera kwa KW kwa Transformer ya 1000kVA

Momwe Mungawerengere KW Load Rating ya 1000kVA Transformer Kutengera Mphamvu

 

 

Popeza transformer yakale ya 1000kVA yomwe ikugwira ntchito yolemera pafupifupi 200kW, kodi transformer iyi ingakwaniritse kufunikira kwakukulu ngati tikukonzekera kuwonjezera katundu watsopano wa pafupifupi 600kW? Funso ili makamaka likuzungulira lingaliro lofunikira: ubale ndi kusiyana pakati pa kVA ndi kW.

 

 

Ubale ndi kusiyana pakati pa kVA ndi kW

 

 

kVA (kilovolt-ampere) ndi gawo la mphamvu yoonekera, pomwe kW (kilowatt) imayimira gawo la mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Kuwonjezera pa mphamvu yoonekera ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito, palinso mphamvu yogwira ntchito, yoyesedwa mu kvar (kilovar).

 

 

 

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mphamvu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu yochitapo kanthu, ndi mphamvu yooneka?

 

 

Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito: Yoyesedwa mu ma watts (W), imayimira mphamvu yeniyeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ntchito yothandiza yochitidwa ndi dera (monga kutentha, kuunikira).

 

 

 

Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito: Imayesedwa mu volt-amperes reactive (VAR), imathandizira mphamvu zamaginito mu zinthu zoyambitsa (monga ma motors) koma sigwira ntchito yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chipangizo chamagetsi chili ndi ma capacitor kapena ma coil, zigawozi zimapitiliza kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu pamene chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito. Popeza ma capacitor/ma coil sagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi panthawiyi yoyatsira/kutulutsa mphamvu, mphamvu yogwirizana nayo imatchedwa ‌reactive power‌.

 

 

 

Mphamvu Yooneka: Yoyezedwa mu volt-amperes (VA), ndi kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi yogwira ntchito, kuyimira mphamvu yonse mu dera. Gwero lamagetsi (nthawi zambiri transformer kapena jenereta) siliyenera kupereka mphamvu yogwira ntchito yokha komanso mphamvu yogwira ntchito ku zida zamagetsi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, ngakhale ma capacitor omwe ali mu chipangizocho sagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa kwawo kosalekeza kumafunikirabe gwero lamagetsi kuti lipereke gawo la mphamvu yake yothandizira njirayi.

 

 

 

Pambuyo pofotokoza bwino mfundo izi, tsopano tikhoza kuwona momwe zimagwirizanirana, zomwe zimatitsogolera ku lingaliro lina lofunika: ‌power factor‌. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito yomwe gwero lamagetsi lingapereke kumadalira mwachindunji mphamvu yamagetsi.

 

 

 

Ngati mtengo wamagetsi ndi $1 pa kilowatt-ola (kWh), transformer yomwe imagwira ntchito pa mphamvu ya 0.6 ikhoza kupanga ndalama zokwana $600/ola. Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yakwera kufika pa 0.9, transformer yomweyi ikhoza kupanga ndalama zokwana ¥900/ola 45. Ngakhale kuti phindu la ndalama zowongolera mphamvu yamagetsi likuonekera, zotsatira zake zazikulu zaukadaulo (monga kukonza kukhazikika kwa gridi ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu) zimapitirira patali kuposa phindu lomweli.

 

 

 

Kodi transformer ya 1000kVA ingathandizire ma kilowatts angati (kW)?

 

 

 

 

Ndi chidziwitso choyambira chomwe chakhazikitsidwa pamwambapa, tsopano titha kuyankha funso lalikulu la nkhaniyi momveka bwino komanso molondola.

 

 

 

Mphamvu ya transformer imayesedwa mu ‌kVA (kilovolt-amperes), pomwe mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito zida zamagetsi imayesedwa mu ‌kW (kilowatts). Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu mfundo yakuti kuwerengera mphamvu yogwira ntchito (kW) ya chipangizo kumafuna kuchulukitsa mphamvu yake yoonekera (kVA) ndi ‌power factor (cosφ). Mwachitsanzo, transformer ya 1000kVA imatha kupereka mphamvu yonse ya ‌1000kW pamene ikugwira ntchito pa ‌1.0‌. Komabe, kukwaniritsa mkhalidwe wabwino uwu (PF = 1.0) n'kosatheka m'magwiritsidwe ntchito enieni.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mu gawo lopanga, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolipirira kuti tipeze mphamvu ya 0.95, mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya transformer iyenera kuwerengedwa ngati 1000×0.95=950kW. Chidziwitso Chofunika: Utilities zamagetsi zimalamula mphamvu ya power factor (PF) ya ‌≥0.9‌ kuti tipewe zilango; komabe, kupitirira ‌PF = 1.0‌ kungayambitse kukwera kwa magetsi a dongosolo ndikusokoneza kukhazikika kwa gridi.

 

 

 

Transformer ya 1000kVA poyamba imapereka mphamvu yamagetsi ya 200kW. Pambuyo powonjezera mphamvu yatsopano ya 600kW, mphamvu yonse yogwira ntchito imafika ‌800kW‌, yomwe imakhalabe mkati mwa malire otetezedwa owerengedwa a transformer.

 

 

 

Chifukwa chake, transformer ya 1000kVA yomwe poyamba inali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ya 200kW imatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale itawonjezera mphamvu yatsopano ya 600kW (yonse 800kW), bola mphamvuyo ikakonzedwa bwino kufika pamlingo wofunikira.