Chosinthira cha Mtundu Wouma cha Class 1E cha Zomera Zamagetsi a Nyukiliya

1. Kodi Transformer Youma ya Class 1E ndi chiyani?

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa lingaliro lalikulu la "Kalasi 1E".

Kalasi 1E: Iyi ndi gulu la chitetezo lochokera ku miyezo yopangira magetsi a nyukiliya (monga IEEE Std 323 ku US kapena GB/T 12727 ku China). Limatanthauza zida zamagetsi ndi machitidwe ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito zofunika kwambiri zachitetezo, monga kuzimitsa mwadzidzidzi kwa reactor, kuimitsa kusungidwa kwa containment, kuziziritsa kwa core reactor, komanso kupewa kutulutsa zinthu zowononga ma radiation.

Transformer Youma: Transformer yomwe ma windings ake salowa mu mafuta oteteza kutentha koma amatetezedwa ndi zinthu zolimba zotetezera kutentha (monga epoxy resin).

Chifukwa chake, Transformer ya Mtundu Wouma ya Class 1E imatanthauzidwa ngati: Transformer ya mtundu wouma yopangidwira makamaka kupereka mphamvu ku makina a chitetezo cha gulu la (1E) a chomera chamagetsi cha nyukiliya. Iyenera kukhala yokhoza kugwira ntchito modalirika komanso mosalekeza pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, mikhalidwe ya ngozi (monga chivomerezi, LOCA - Kutayika kwa Ngozi Yoziziritsa), ndi malo ochitika pambuyo pa ngozi kwa nthawi inayake.

Mwachidule, ndi imodzi mwa "magwero amphamvu" a chitetezo cha makina a nyukiliya.

1. Chifukwa Chiyani Mafakitale a Mphamvu za Nyukiliya Ayenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Transformers a Gulu 1E?

Chitetezo cha malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndicho chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Udindo wa ma transformer a Class 1E ndikupereka mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yodalirika ku zida zofunika kwambiri zotetezera pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo:

Machitidwe ogawa okhudzana ndi chitetezo

Zida zosinthira zamagetsi zamagetsi za dizilo zadzidzidzi

Machitidwe owongolera ndi kuteteza ma reactor

Ma Motors a Mapampu a Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS)

Machitidwe owunikira pambuyo pa ngozi

Makina opumira mpweya komanso odzipatula

Kutayika kwa mphamvu ku machitidwe awa kungayambitse zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ma transformer a Class 1E ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa njira yodzitetezera ya chomera cha mphamvu za nyukiliya.

1. Zofunikira Zazikulu & Ukadaulo Waukulu wa Ma Transformer a Mtundu Wouma a Class 1E

Ma transformer a Class 1E amasiyana kwambiri ndi ma transformer wamba a mafakitale kapena amalonda. Zofunikira zawo zazikulu zimawonekera m'magawo otsatirawa:

1. Kudalirika Kwambiri & Ziyeneretso Zachilengedwe (Zida za K1, K2, K3)

Malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya amagawa zida za Class 1E m'magulu kutengera kuopsa kwa nyengo zomwe ziyenera kupirira. Ma transformer amagawidwa m'magulu ogwirizana:

Gulu la K1: Limayikidwa mkati mwa chidebecho. Liyenera kupirira mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, zivomezi (OBE/SSE), kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, chinyezi chambiri, ndi malo opopera mankhwala chifukwa cha Kutayika kwa Ngozi Yoziziritsa (LOCA), ndipo liyenera kukhalabe logwira ntchito pambuyo pa ngozi. Ili ndi gulu lokhwima kwambiri.

Gulu la K2: Limayikidwa mkati mwa chidebecho koma limangofunika kuti lipirire zinthu zabwinobwino komanso zivomerezi, kupatula malo a LOCA.

Gulu la K3: Limayikidwa kunja kwa chidebe koma mbali ya dongosolo lokhudzana ndi chitetezo, lofunikira kuti lipirire nyengo yabwinobwino komanso zivomerezi.

Maukadaulo Ofunikira Ogwirizana:

Dongosolo Lapadera Lotetezera Kutentha: Limagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zapamwamba, zoletsa moto, zoletsa chinyezi, komanso zoteteza kuwala (monga epoxy resin yapamwamba). Njira zamakono zopangira/zotetezera kutentha (monga ukadaulo wochepetsera kutentha, Vacuum Pressure Impregnation) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti nyumba yotetezera kutentha kwambiri ilibe mipata, yokhala ndi magawo ochepa kwambiri otulutsa madzi.

Kukana Moto Kwambiri (Gulu la F1): Zipangizo zimazimitsa zokha ndipo sizingapse ngakhale zitayikidwa pa moto wotseguka, zomwe zimaletsa kufalikira kwa moto.

Mphamvu Yolimba ya Makina: Kapangidwe konse ka transformer (kuphatikizapo zozungulira, mafelemu, ndi zina zotero) kuyenera kupirira Chivomerezi Chotetezeka (SSE) popanda kuwonongeka, kuonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi abwino. Izi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kudzera mu Finite Element Analysis yeniyeni (FEA) komanso mayeso olimba a seismic qualification.

2. Chitsimikizo Cholimba Cha Ubwino & Chitsimikizo

Pulogalamu Yoyeserera ya Nyukiliya: Moyo wonse—kuyambira pakupanga, kugula zinthu, kupanga, kuyesa, mpaka kupereka—uyenera kutsatira pulogalamu yotsimikizira khalidwe la nyukiliya (nthawi zambiri yochokera pa HAF 003 kapena 10 CFR 50 Appendix B), kuonetsetsa kuti njira zonse zoyendetsera ntchito zikuyang'aniridwa bwino komanso kuti zitsatidwe.

Ziyeneretso ndi Chitsimikizo: Transformer iyenera kupambana mayeso amtundu ndi mayeso oyenerera zivomerezi omwe amachitidwa ndi bungwe lovomerezeka ndi bungwe loyang'anira chitetezo cha nyukiliya (monga NNSA ku China) kuti liwonetsetse kuti likutsatira miyezo ya Gulu 1E. Ichi ndi "chilolezo" chake cholowera pamsika.

3. Kapangidwe ndi Kuyesa Kwapadera kwa Magwiridwe Antchito

Kukana Kukalamba kwa Radiation: Makamaka kwa ma transformer a gulu la K1, zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi zigawo zake ziyenera kuyesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito pansi pa mlingo woyembekezeredwa wa radiation pa moyo wawo wonse.

Mayeso Okhwima ndi Osiyanasiyana: Kupatula mayeso wamba (chiŵerengero, kukana, kutayika kwa katundu/kutayika kwa katundu, dielectric, mulingo wa mawu, ndi zina zotero), mayeso apadera ndi ofunikira, monga:

Kuyeza Kutulutsa Madzi Pang'ono: Zofunikira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuchuluka kosakwana 5-10 pC, kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa kutchinjiriza.

Mayeso a Mphamvu ya Mphamvu (Kuwala ndi Kusintha kwa Mphamvu).